Broken beat is an electronic music genre that can be characterized by syncopated rhythm typically in 4/4 meter, with staggered or punctuated snare beats and/or hand claps. It first appeared in the 1990s and was pioneered by IG Culture, and the release of the 4hero album Two Pages was influential on the emerging sound and scene. Appearing in the western parts of London, the genre is also referred to as West London, mainly because Goya Music's offices were in London's Ladbroke Grove, W11, as were most of the participating artists studios. Regular nights that play this genre of music include Co-op, which was held at Plastic People for a number of years before re-launching at East Village - both in Shoreditch. In 2008 monthly Co-Op sessions were launched at Concrete in Birmingham, UK. Another night is Inspiration Information, previously at Notting Hill Arts Club but now at East Village in Shoreditch. Elsewhere, DJs from the Kyoto Jazz Massive regularly play at The Room in Tokyo. Magazines and sites reviewing the music include Straight No Chaser and Commercial Break. Distribution outlet Goya Music played an influential role in establishing the early UK sound, supporting early labels such as People, Bita Sweet, Mainsqueeze and numerous others. Artists in this area mostly have a drum and bass, house, hip hop, techno or acid jazz background. Broken beat also has its roots in 70s jazz fusion and has been influenced by artists such as Lonnie Liston Smith, The Mizell Brothers, Herbie Hancock, George Duke, and others. One might also hear echos of disco, 80s contemporary R&B and funk, early electronica, hip hop, 80s new wave, house and techno in broken beat. IG Culture is credited with kick-starting the scene with his New Sector Movements releases for People Music. The transition was to a more abstract form of drum and bass. Many artists that started releasing through 4hero's Reinforced label are now considered pioneers of broken beat (a landmark artist for the label being Sonar Circle aka Domu). Meanwhile in Detroit, established techno artists like Carl Craig and Stacey Pullen experimented with the music they were making, trying to add jazz elements and breaks to their sound. As the music is still based on classic Detroit techno and usually has a harder sound, it is sometimes referred to as broken techno. This eclectic mixture was picked up by the Detroit and jazz affiliated UK techno producers Kirk Degiorgio or As One and Ian O'Brien, who tried to form it into a more soulful variation which further influenced the development of the broken beat genre. Popular names in the genre are Bugz in the Attic, Seiji, Kaidi Tatham, Domu, Afronaught, IG Culture, Stephane and Alex Attias, New Zealand-born Mark De Clive-Lowe, 4hero, Manchester's Phuture Lounge collective label boss Maddslinky Zed Bias, Somatik, and Opolopo. In the U.S. prominent artists are Detroit based Titonton Duvanté, John Arnold, Jeremy Ellis aka Ayro, and Recloose (now based in New Zealand), Harlem based Spymusic, and Philadelphia based King Britt.
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