Montevideo, or the new Troy (French: Montevideo, ou une nouvelle Troie) is an 1850 novel by Alexandre Dumas. It is a historical novel about the Uruguayan Civil War, where the Uruguayan presidents Manuel Oribe and Fructuoso Rivera disputed the rule of the country. The name sets a parallelism with the Trojan War, as Oribe kept Montevideo, capital of Uruguay, under siege for many years (known as the Great Siege of Montevideo).The plot of the book makes a summary of the history of Uruguay, since the Spanish discovery to the Civil War. Juan Manuel de Rosas, Facundo Quiroga, José Gervasio Artigas, Bernardino Rivadavia or Giuseppe Garibaldi are thus treated as literary characters. Dumas describes Artigas and Rosas as barbaric, and Montevideo as a source of civilization. A similar dichotomy between Civilization and Barbarism was the theme of Facundo, another antrosist book published by Domingo Faustino Sarmiento some years before. Dumas described Rosas, who supported Oribe, as a coward who avoided the Argentine War of Independence and took control of Buenos Aires with a barbaric horde, and Montevideo as a heroic city standing against him.Dumas had never been to Uruguay, nor known first-hand about the war. His work was based on the reports of the antirosist Melchor Pacheco, who sought French support against Rosas, and thus twisted the information about Rosas's administration in order to get such support. It is likely that the similarities with Sarmiento's book were introduced by Pacheco's, as it would be unlikely that Dumas had read his work.The book has been edited twice in Argentina, once during the 1960 decade, and then again in 2005.
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