Every human on earth is a combination of two sets of genes: your mother’s and your father’s. These genes created a blueprint for you, and they make you unique. Genes lead to different traits, or characteristics, such as brown eyes or blue eyes. Parents passing on their genes to their offspring is called heredity. In genetic terms, you are a hybrid of both of your parents: a combination of their many different genes.What’s the probability of receiving a particular gene? The Punnett Square is a tool that allows you to see the different gene combinations that are possible when two parents of any species create offspring.When looking at the model of inheritance which the Punnett Square illustrates (referred to as Mendelian inheritance), you are observing combinations of dominant alleles and recessive alleles. An allele is a version of a gene (the eye color gene can consist of blue, brown, green, gray, and hazel alleles). Dominant genes mask recessive genes. For example, brown eyes are the dominant gene for eye color, and blue eyes are recessive, so when the genes for brown and blue eyes are combined in offspring, there is a 75% chance that the offspring will have brown eyes. This is why the majority of people in the world have brown eyes.

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