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Ludwika Karolina Radziwill

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Princess Ludwika Karolina Radziwill (Lithuanian: Liudvika Karolina Radvilaite) (27 February 1667 ? 25 March 1695) was a magnate of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and an active reformer. She carried the title of Princess.Radziwill was born in K?nigsberg in the Duchy of Prussia. A member of the Radziwill family, she was the last agnatic-line member of the most prominent Calvinists of Lithuania, and a descendant of the Gediminids and Jagiellons. Radziwill inherited Bir?ai and Dubingiai from her father Boguslaw Radziwill as his only successor. Her death in Brieg marks the end of the Bir?ai-Dubingiai Radziwill family line. She was the last Radziwill to own Bir?ai Castle and Dubingiai Castle with their lands.Radziwill spent most of her life in Berlin and K?nigsberg, but paid much attention to her lands in the grand duchy. Like her father, she funded the issue of books in the Lithuanian language, and supported education and Calvinist parishes. She established scholarships for Lithuanian students of theology in the universities of K?nigsberg, Frankfurt (Oder), and Berlin. Radziwill financed the issue of the catechism and primer in the Lithuanian language, Pradzia pamoksla del mazu Weykialu?, which was printed in K?nigsberg in 1680. It was the second primer intended for schools following the Catechism by Martynas Ma?vydas.Radziwill was sued by King John III Sobieski for the alleged breach of the prenuptial agreement with his son, Jakub Ludwik Sobieski, with the intention to seize her estates. The case was lost, since it was proven that the agreement was falsified; its conclusion date was later than Radziwill's actual marriage date.Radziwill first married Margrave Louis of Brandenburg, a son of Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg. After Louis's early death, Radziwill married Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine. Her heirs were born of her second marriage. Only her youngest daughter's issue survived. Kings of Bavaria and a number of other royal and princely families descend from her, including Duchess Amalie in Bavaria, who married the would-be King Mindaugas II of Lithuania, and was mother of the latter's children and descendants.