Synapomorphy

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Synapomorphy

DbpediaThing

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In cladistics, a synapomorphy or synapomorphic character state is a trait that is shared ("symmorphy") by two or more taxa and inferred to have been present in their most recent common ancestor, whose own ancestor in turn is inferred to not possess the trait. A synapomorphy is thus an apomorphy visible in multiple taxa, where the trait in question is assumed to have originated in their last common ancestor. The word "synapomorphy," coined by German entomologist Willi Hennig, is derived from the Greek words σύν, syn = with, in company with, together with; ἀπό, apo = away from; and μορφή, morphe = shape."True" synapomorphies uniquely characterise a given set of terminal groups, but it is not strictly necessary that all members of a clade possess the same trait (they may exhibit instead a further-modified version of the trait).