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Scapegoat

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Scapegoat

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This article describes scapegoat in its traditional historical sense. For scapegoat in the more modern social psychological sense of scapegoating see scapegoating.In modern usage a scapegoat is an individual, group, or country singled out for unmerited negative treatment or blame. A whipping boy, "fall guy" or "patsy" is a form of scapegoat.Scapegoat derives from the common English translation of the Hebrew term azazel (Hebrew: ?????) which occurs in Leviticus 16:8 after the prefix la- (Hebrew ?? "for").And Aaron shall place lots upon the two he goats: one lot "For the Lord," and the other lot, "For Azazel."In ancient Greece a cripple or beggar or criminal (the pharmakos) was cast out of the community, either in response to a natural disaster (such as a plague, famine or an invasion) or in response to a calendrical crisis (such as the end of the year). In the Bible, the goat for Azazel was a goat that was designated (Hebrew ??????????? la-aza'zeyl) to be outcast in the desert as part of the ceremonies of the Day of Atonement, that began during the Exodus with the original Tabernacle and continued through the times of the temples in Jerusalem.In psychology and sociology, the practice of selecting someone as a scapegoat has led to the concept of scapegoating.