Mantle plume

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Mantle plume

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A mantle plume is a proposed mechanism of convection of abnormally hot rock within the Earth's mantle. Because the plume head partly melts on reaching shallow depths, a plume is often invoked as the cause of volcanic hotspots, such as Hawaii or Iceland, and large igneous provinces such as the Deccan and Siberian traps. Some such volcanic regions lie far from tectonic plate boundaries, while others represent unusually large-volume volcanism near plate boundaries. The hypothesis of mantle plumes from depth is not universally accepted as explaining all such volcanism. It has required progressive hypothesis-elaboration leading to variant propositions such as mini-plumes and pulsing plumes. Another hypothesis for unusual volcanic regions is the "Plate model". This proposes shallower, passive leakage of magma from the mantle onto the Earth's surface where extension of the lithosphere permits it, attributing most volcanism to plate tectonic processes, with volcanoes far from plate boundaries resulting from intraplate extension.

English Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_plume

Spanish wikipedia http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluma_mantélica

Wiki page external link http://www.uusatrg.utah.edu/FIGURES/New_Plume.jpg http://www.mantleplumes.org/ http://www.largeigneousprovinces.org/