Oxidation number

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Oxidation number

Definition

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Oxidation number is used in the nomenclature of inorganic compounds where it is represented by a Roman numeral. In older literature the term is referred to as Stock number, however the use of this term is no longer recommended. Oxidation number represents the degree of oxidation of an element in a substance. This degree of oxidation (often termed the element's oxidation state) is, with the exception of coordination compounds where a different definition applies, the imaginary charge on the atom if the substance were broken down into ions. The oxidation number in compound naming is placed either as a right superscript to the element symbol in chemical formula, for example Fe, or in parentheses after the name of the element, iron(III) in chemical names. For example Fe2(SO4)3 would be named iron(III) sulfate and its formula could be shown as Fe2(SO4)3. This is because a sulfate ion has a charge of -2, so each iron atom takes a charge of +3. Note that fractional oxidation numbers should not be used in naming. In coordination chemistry, the oxidation number of a coordination compound is the charge that the central atom would possess if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared with the central atom.

English Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_number

Spanish wikipedia http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_de_oxidaci?n