Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland

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Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland

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The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, also known as the Central African Federation (CAF), was a semi-independent federation of three southern African territories – the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia and the British protectorates of Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland – between 1953 and 1963. Constitutionally, it was a federal realm of the British Crown, meaning that it was neither a Crown colony nor a dominion. As, however, the intention was that the federation would, in due course, become a dominion in the Commonwealth of Nations, the British sovereign ("the Crown") was represented by a Governor-General.The Federation was established on 1 August 1953, with the aim of forging a middle way between a fully independent majority-ruled state and the white-dominated territories of South Africa, Angola, and Mozambique. It was intended to be a permanent entity, but ultimately crumbled because the black African nationalists wanted a greater share of power than the dominant minority white population was willing to concede.The rulers of the new black African states were united in wanting to end colonialism in Africa. With most of the world moving away from colonialism during the late 1950s and early 1960s, the United Kingdom was subjected to pressure to de-colonize from both the United Nations and the Organization of African Unity (OAU). These groups supported the aspirations of the black African nationalists and accepted their claims to speak on behalf of the people.The federation officially ended on 31 December 1963. During 1964, Northern Rhodesia gained independence from the UK as the new nation of Zambia and Nyasaland gained independence as Malawi. Southern Rhodesia became known simply as Rhodesia and, following the end of the Rhodesian Bush War in 1980, has been known as Zimbabwe.