Allotropy

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Allotropy

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Allotropy or allotropism (from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other', and τρόπος (tropos), meaning 'manner, form') is the property of some chemical elements to exist in two or more different forms, in the same physical state, known as allotropes of the elements. Allotropes are different structural modifications of an element; the atoms of the element are bonded together in a different manner. For example, the allotropes of carbon include diamond (the carbon atoms are bonded together in a tetrahedral lattice arrangement), graphite (the carbon atoms are bonded together in sheets of a hexagonal lattice), graphene (single sheets of graphite), and fullerenes (the carbon atoms are bonded together in spherical, tubular, or ellipsoidal formations). The term allotropy is used for elements only, not for compounds. The more general term, used for any crystalline material, is polymorphism. Allotropy refers only to different forms of an element within the same phase (i.e.: solid, liquid or gas states); the differences between these states would not alone constitute examples of allotropy. For some elements, allotropes have different molecular formulae despite difference in phase; for example, two allotropes of oxygen (dioxygen, O2, and ozone, O3) can both exist in the solid, liquid and gaseous states. Other elements do not maintain distinct allotropes in different phases; for example, phosphorus has numerous solid allotropes, which all revert to the same P4 form when melted to the liquid state.

English Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropy

Spanish wikipedia http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alotropía

Wiki page external link http://www.chemistryexplained.com/A-Ar/Allotropes.html http://www.physics.uoguelph.ca/summer/scor/articles/scor40.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20080131061355/http:/www.physics.uoguelph.ca/summer/scor/articles/scor40.htm