ALGOL

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ALGOL

ProgrammingLanguage

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ALGOL (short for ALGOrithmic Language) is a family of imperative computer programming languages originally developed in the mid-1950s which greatly influenced many other languages. It was the standard method for algorithm description used by the ACM in textbooks and academic sources for more than thirty years. In the sense that most modern languages are "algol-like", it was arguably the most successful of the four high-level programming languages with which it was roughly contemporary: Fortran, Lisp, and COBOL. It was designed to avoid some of the perceived problems with FORTRAN and eventually gave rise to many other programming languages, including BCPL, B, Pascal, PL/I, Simula, and C. ALGOL introduced code blocks and the begin and end pairs for delimiting them and it was also the first language implementing nested function definitions with lexical scope. Moreover, it was the first programming language which gave serious attention to formal language definition and through the Algol 60 Report introduced Backus-Naur Form, a principal notation for language design.There were three major specifications: ALGOL 58 – originally proposed to be called IAL (for International Algebraic Language). ALGOL 60 – first implemented as X1 ALGOL 60 in mid-1960 – revised 1963 ALGOL 68 – revised 1973 – introduced new elements including flexible arrays, slices, parallelism, operator identification, and various extensibility features.Niklaus Wirth based his own ALGOL W on ALGOL 60 before developing Pascal. Algol-W was intended to be the next generation ALGOL but the ALGOL 68 committee decided on a design that was more complex and advanced rather than a cleaned simplified ALGOL 60. The official ALGOL versions are named after the year they were first published.Algol 68 is substantially different from Algol 60 but was not well received, so that in general "Algol" means Algol 60 and dialects thereof. Fragments of ALGOL-like syntax are sometimes still used as pseudocode.

English Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL

Spanish wikipedia http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL