A ministry (usually preceded by the definite article, i.e., the ministry) refers to a collective body of government ministers headed by a prime minister or premier. It is described by the Oxford Dictionary as "a period of government under one prime minister”. Although the term "cabinet" can in some circumstances be a synonym, a ministry can be a broader concept which might include office-holders that do not participate in cabinet meetings. Other titles can include "administration" (in the United States) or "government" (in common usage among most parliamentary systems) to describe similar collectives.The term is primarily used to describe the successive governments of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, which share a common parliamentary political heritage. In the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand, a new ministry begins after each election, regardless of whether the Prime Minister remains the same. For example, after winning the 1979 general election, Margaret Thatcher, as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, began the First Thatcher Ministry. After winning the 1983 general election, she began the Second Thatcher Ministry, and so on. In Canada, a new ministry is only formed if the government loses an election.From 1911 to 1933, in Portugal, the official title of the prime minister was that of "President of the Ministry" (Portuguese: Presidente do Ministério), reflecting is function of head of the collective Ministry.
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