On 16 January 2012, several insurgent groups began fighting a campaign against the Malian government for independence or greater autonomy for northern Mali, an area known as Azawad. The National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA), an organization fighting to make Azawad an independent homeland for the Tuareg people, had taken control of the region by April 2012.On 22 March 2012, President Amadou Toumani Tour? was ousted in a coup d'?tat over his handling of the crisis, a month before a presidential election was to have taken place. Mutinous soldiers, calling themselves the National Committee for the Restoration of Democracy and State (CNRDR), took control and suspended the constitution of Mali. As a consequence of the instability following the coup, Mali's three largest northern cities?Kidal, Gao and Timbuktu?were overrun by the rebels on three consecutive days. On 5 April 2012, after the capture of Douentza, the MNLA said that it had accomplished its goals and called off its offensive. The following day, it proclaimed Azawad's independence from Mali.The MNLA were initially backed by the Islamist group Ansar Dine. After the Malian military was driven from Azawad, Ansar Dine and a number of smaller Islamist groups began imposing strict Sharia law. The MNLA and Islamists struggled to reconcile their conflicting visions for an intended new state. Afterwards, the MNLA began fighting against Ansar Dine and other Islamist groups, including Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (MOJWA/MUJAO), a splinter group of Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb. By 17 July 2012, the MNLA had lost control of most of northern Mali's cities to the Islamists.The government of Mali asked for foreign military help to re-take the north. On 11 January 2013, the French military began operations against the Islamists. Forces from other African Union states were deployed shortly after. By 8 February, the Islamist-held territory had been re-taken by the Malian military, with help from the international coalition. Tuareg separatists have continued to fight the Islamists as well, although the MNLA has also been accused of carrying out attacks against the Malian military.A peace deal between the government and Tuareg rebels was signed on 18 June 2013 but on 26 September 2013 the rebels pulled out of the peace agreement and claimed that the government hadn't respected its commitments to the truce. Fighting is still ongoing even though French forces are scheduled for withdrawal.
Causalidad
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1 killed, 1 wounded
1,000?1,500+ killed, captured or deserted (by April 2012)
164+ killed,
2 killed, several wounded
28 Killed
38 killed, 74 wounded
4 killed
400 captured
7 killed (including 1 officer), about a dozen wounded in action
85 killed, 197+ wounded, 12 captured (January 2013)
Total:
Combatientes
* AQIM
* Ansar Dine
* Ansar al-Sharia
* Boko Haram
* MOJWA
* Military of Mali
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ECOWAS
Ganda Iso (Songhai secular militia)
Government of Mali
Islamic Movement of Azawad (MIA)
Islamists
National Liberation Front of Azawad (FLNA)
National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA)
Non-state combatants:
Supported by:
Comandante
?douard Guillaud
Abdelhamid Abou Zeid
Abu Musab Abdel Wadoud
Amadou Sanogo
Amadou Toumani Tour?
Bilal Ag Acherif
Brigade general
Dioncounda Traor?
Fran?ois Hollande
Iyad Ag Ghaly
Mahamat D?by Itno
Mahmoud Ag Aghaly
Mohamed Ag Najem
Mokhtar Belmokhtar
Moussa Ag Acharatoumane
Omar Ould Hamaha
Sadio Gassama
Fecha
2012-01-16
Notas
Displaced:
Total?374,000.
~144,000 refugees abroad
~230,000 internally displaced persons.
Resultado
*A Tuareg rebellion began driving government forces out of the North in January 2012
*Defeat of islamist forces by France and her allies
*France and other African states intervene and help the Malian Army to re-take most of Northern Mali
*Islamist groups (Ansar Dine, AQIM and MOJWA) seize Northern Mali from MNLA and impose sharia law in the region
*Malian president Amadou Toumani Tour? is ousted in a coup d'?tat led by Amadou Sanogo
*Northern Mali completely captured by rebels by April 2012, "Independent State of Azawad" declared by the MNLA and briefly supported by Ansar Dine Islamists
*Peace deal between the government and Tuareg rebels signed on 18 June 2013
*Peace deal ended after Malian soldiers open fire on unarmed protesters.
Ongoing
Fuerza
* Ansar Dine: 300
* Boko Haram: 100
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1,200
1,200?3,000
120
144
2,000
3,000
300
395
500
545 (EUTM)
6,000?7,000 (12,150 pre-war est.)
650
733
Total: 23,564+
~50
~500 (FLNA)
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